From X- to O-shaped spatiotemporal spectra of light filaments in water

Opt Lett. 2005 Dec 15;30(24):3398-400. doi: 10.1364/ol.30.003398.

Abstract

We show that the angle-wavelength spectra of light filaments excited by ultrashort pulses experience a transition from X- to O-like structures when their carrier wavelengths are switched from normal to anomalous dispersion. Calculations confirm that the O-shaped conical emission follows the elliptic geometry of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with anomalous dispersion.