Abstract
Interactions between fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, mediate leukocyte adhesion, activation, and trafficking. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein has a CX3C chemokine motif that can bind CX3CR1 and modify CXCL1-mediated responses. In this study, we show that expression of the RSV G protein or the G protein CX3C motif during infection is associated with reduced CX3CR1+ T cell trafficking to the lung, reduced frequencies of RSV-specific, MHC class I-restricted IFN-gamma-expressing cells, and lower numbers of IL-4- and CX3CL1-expressing cells. In addition, we show that CX3CR1+ cells constitute a major component of the cytotoxic response to RSV infection. These results suggest that G protein and the G protein CX3C motif reduce the antiviral T cell response to RSV infection.
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Motifs*
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Animals
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
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Cell Migration Inhibition
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Cell Movement / immunology
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Cells, Cultured
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Chemokines, CX3C / biosynthesis
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Chemokines, CX3C / genetics*
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Female
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Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
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Interferon-gamma / genetics
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Interleukin-4 / metabolism
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Lung / immunology
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Lung / pathology
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Receptors, Chemokine / antagonists & inhibitors
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Receptors, Chemokine / biosynthesis*
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Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / genetics
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Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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T-Lymphocytes / pathology
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T-Lymphocytes / virology
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Viral Envelope Proteins / biosynthesis
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Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
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Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology*
Substances
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CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
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Chemokines, CX3C
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Cx3cr1 protein, mouse
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Receptors, Chemokine
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Viral Envelope Proteins
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attachment protein G
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Interleukin-4
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Interferon-gamma