The use of coronary endoprostheses has greatly contributed to the improvement in the results of coronary angioplasty. Nevertheless, the risk of stent thrombosis remains a major preoccupation. We studied a retrospective series of 2997 patients who had undergone coronary angioplasty between 1999 and 2003. 36 patients (1.2%) had an acute or sub-acute stent thrombosis, occurring in two thirds of cases in the first 4 days with particularly serious clinical consequences: 5 deaths (13.8%) and 27 myocardial infarctions (75%). A comparison between the 2 groups of patients with thrombosis (n = 36) and without thrombosis (n = 2961) using multivariate analysis determined predictive factors for thrombosis: systolic LV dysfunction < 40% (p < 0.0001 OR 3.8 [2-7.3]), angioplasty for lesions on the anterior interventricular artery (p < 0.0001 OR 2.7 [1.4-5]), angioplasty performed in the acute phase of MI (p < 0.05 OR 13.9 [6.7-29.2]), B2-type complex lesions (p < 0.01 OR 2.5 [1.3-5]), residual dissection at the dilated site (p < 0.02 OR 5.1 [1.4-18.2]). More than ever, acute thrombosis remains a topical subject. This study emphasises the incidence of steel stent thrombosis; the clinical consequences and the predictive factors for early occlusion.