Structures of omega repressors bound to direct and inverted DNA repeats explain modulation of transcription

Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Mar 9;34(5):1450-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl015. Print 2006.

Abstract

Repressor omega regulates transcription of genes required for copy number control, accurate segregation and stable maintenance of inc18 plasmids hosted by Gram-positive bacteria. omega belongs to homodimeric ribbon-helix-helix (RHH2) repressors typified by a central, antiparallel beta-sheet for DNA major groove binding. Homodimeric omega2 binds cooperatively to promotors with 7 to 10 consecutive non-palindromic DNA heptad repeats (5'-(A)/(T)ATCAC(A)/(T)-3', symbolized by -->) in palindromic inverted, converging (--><--) or diverging (<---->) orientation and also, unique to omega2 and contrasting other RHH2 repressors, to non-palindromic direct (-->-->) repeats. Here we investigate with crystal structures how omega2 binds specifically to heptads in minimal operators with (-->-->) and (--><--) repeats. Since the pseudo-2-fold axis relating the monomers in omega(2) passes the central C-G base pair of each heptad with approximately 0.3 A downstream offset, the separation between the pseudo-2-fold axes is exactly 7 bp in (-->-->), approximately 0.6 A shorter in (--><--) but would be approximately 0.6 A longer in (<---->). These variations grade interactions between adjacent omega2 and explain modulations in cooperative binding affinity of omega2 to operators with different heptad orientations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry*
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
  • Binding Sites
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • DNA, Bacterial / chemistry*
  • DNA, Bacterial / metabolism
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
  • Models, Molecular
  • Operator Regions, Genetic*
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
  • Repressor Proteins / chemistry*
  • Repressor Proteins / genetics
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism
  • Sequence Deletion
  • Threonine / chemistry
  • Transcription, Genetic

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • DNA, Bacterial
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Threonine

Associated data

  • PDB/2BNW
  • PDB/2BNZ
  • PDB/2CAX