Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors. Part 4: Structure-based design of 5-alkylamino-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydropyrazoles as potent, water-soluble inhibitors of the mitotic kinesin KSP

Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Jun 15;16(12):3175-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.040. Epub 2006 Apr 5.

Abstract

Molecular modeling in combination with X-ray crystallographic information was employed to identify a region of the kinesin spindle protein (KSP) binding site not fully utilized by our first generation inhibitors. We discovered that by appending a propylamine substituent at the C5 carbon of a dihydropyrazole core, we could effectively fill this unoccupied region of space and engage in a hydrogen-bonding interaction with the enzyme backbone. This change led to a second generation compound with increased potency, a 400-fold enhancement in aqueous solubility at pH 4, and improved dog pharmacokinetics relative to the first generation compound.

MeSH terms

  • Alkylation
  • Allosteric Site
  • Amination
  • Animals
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Dogs
  • Drug Design*
  • Hydroxylation
  • Kinesins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Kinesins / chemistry
  • Kinesins / metabolism
  • Mitosis
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • Pyrazoles / chemical synthesis
  • Pyrazoles / chemistry*
  • Pyrazoles / pharmacokinetics
  • Pyrazoles / pharmacology*
  • Solubility
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Water

Substances

  • Pyrazoles
  • Water
  • pyrazole
  • Kinesins

Associated data

  • PDB/2G1Q