Concurrent comparison of three water contact measurement tools in four endemic villages of the Philippines. The schistosomiasis transmission ecology in the Philippines project (STEP)

Trop Med Int Health. 2006 Jun;11(6):834-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01638.x.

Abstract

Background: Schistosomiasis japonica is a chronic helminthic infection contracted through contact with water infested with Schistosoma japonicum. The infection is associated with severe disease and is an important public health concern in Philippines.

Object: To estimate the agreement in the frequency of water contact between bimonthly interviews, self-administered diaries and observations.

Methods: A total of 286 individuals were followed over either a 4 or a 6 months period. Agreement between direct observation and both the bimonthly and diary methods were estimated.

Results: The agreement between the observation and the bimonthly interview was 71.8% when days without any water contacts were considered, but decreased to 23.3% when only days with at least some water contact were considered. The agreement between the observation and the diary was 78.7% when days without any water contacts were considered and 40.8% when only days with some water contacts were considered.

Conclusions: Agreement about the degree of water contact is poor between the different measurement tools. This has important implications for future research, since a high degree of measurement error can severely bias any results from studies involving water contact.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Agriculture
  • Ecosystem
  • Endemic Diseases
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hygiene
  • Male
  • Medical Records
  • Philippines / epidemiology
  • Rain / parasitology
  • Rivers / parasitology
  • Rural Health
  • Schistosomiasis japonica / epidemiology
  • Schistosomiasis japonica / transmission*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Water / parasitology*
  • Water Supply

Substances

  • Water