Conical emission, pulse splitting, and X-wave parametric amplification in nonlinear dynamics of ultrashort light pulses

Phys Rev Lett. 2006 May 19;96(19):193901. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.193901. Epub 2006 May 16.

Abstract

The precise observation of the angle-frequency spectrum of light filaments in water reveals a scenario incompatible with current models of conical emission (CE). Its description in terms of linear X-wave modes leads us to understand filamentation dynamics requiring a phase- and group-matched, Kerr-driven four-wave-mixing process that involves two highly localized pumps and two X waves. CE and temporal splitting arise naturally as two manifestations of this process.