To explore the application of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser delivered via bronchofiberscope in the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis. 36 patients with a diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis, with age ranging from 15 to 40 y were treated with KTP laser between Dec. 2002 and July 2004 (designated as treatment group). The other 36 patients diagnosed as having endobronchial tuberculosis (aged 18 to 42 y, with a mean age of 33. 5 y) without having received KTP laser treatment were included in a control group. Our results showed that the effective rates, in terms of recovery of bronchial lumen and cleanup of caseous necrotic mass were significantly higher in the treatment group 8 weeks after the treatment (P<0.01), and the healing rates of atelectasis and obstructive infection were also significantly higher in the treatment group (P<0.05 and P<0.01), but the incidence of complication after 8 weeks was no significant difference (P >0.05). No significant changes were found in SaO2 and HR before, during and after the operation in the treatment group (P>0.05). It is concluded that KTP laser is an effective therapy for endobronchial tuberculosis.