For a 74-year-old man with angina pectoris and demonstrated myocardial ischaemia, optimal medical treatment was insufficient. He was ineligible for coronary revascularization. To improve myocardial perfusion, autologous bone-marrow stem cells were injected into the ischaemic myocardium. During the months following the injection, the frequency of angina attacks decreased and myocardial perfusion and cardiac function improved.