Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40L) and GITR ligand (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein ligand [GITRL]) are tumor necrosis factor superfamily molecules that can be used as vaccine adjuvants. In a previous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA vaccine study in mice, we found that plasmids expressing multimeric soluble forms of trimeric CD40L (i.e., many trimers) were stronger activators of CD8(+) T-cell responses than were single-trimer soluble forms or the natural membrane-bound molecule. This report describes similar multimeric soluble molecules that were constructed for studies in macaques. Both two-trimer and four-trimer forms of macaque CD40L were active in B-cell proliferation assays using macaque and human cells. With human cells, four-trimer macaque GITRL costimulated CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and abrogated the immunosuppressive effects of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells on a mixed leukocyte reaction. These molecular adjuvants provide new tools for vaccine development in the simian immunodeficiency virus system and other macaque models.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adjuvants, Immunologic / chemical synthesis
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Adjuvants, Immunologic / physiology*
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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B-Lymphocytes / cytology
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B-Lymphocytes / immunology
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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CD40 Ligand / chemical synthesis
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CD40 Ligand / physiology*
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Cell Proliferation
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Cells, Cultured
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Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein
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Humans
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Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
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Macaca mulatta
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Mice
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / metabolism*
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / genetics
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / metabolism
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / physiology*
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Solubility
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Tumor Necrosis Factors / genetics
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Tumor Necrosis Factors / metabolism
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Tumor Necrosis Factors / physiology*
Substances
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Adjuvants, Immunologic
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Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein
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Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
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TNFRSF18 protein, human
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TNFSF18 protein, human
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Tumor Necrosis Factors
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CD40 Ligand
Associated data
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GENBANK/DQ457096
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GENBANK/DQ457097