Angiopoietin-2 functions as an autocrine protective factor in stressed endothelial cells

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 17;103(42):15491-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607538103. Epub 2006 Oct 9.

Abstract

Angiopoietin (Ang)-2, a context-dependent agonist/antagonist for the vascular-specific Tie2 receptor, is highly expressed by endothelial cells at sites of normal and pathologic angiogenesis. One prevailing model suggests that in these settings, Ang-2 acts as an autocrine Tie2 blocker, inhibiting the stabilizing influence of the Tie2 activator Ang-1, thereby promoting vascular remodeling. However, the effects of endogenous Ang-2 on cells that are actively producing it have not been studied in detail. Here, we demonstrate that Ang-2 expression is rapidly induced in endothelial cells by the transcription factor FOXO1 after inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. We employ RNAi and blocking antibodies to show that in this setting, Ang-2 unexpectedly functions as a Tie2 agonist, bolstering Akt activity so as to provide negative feedback on FOXO1-regulated transcription and apoptosis. In addition, we show that Ang-2, like Ang-1, activates Tie2/Akt signaling in vivo, thereby inhibiting the expression of FOXO1 target genes. Consistent with a role for Ang-2 as a Tie2 activator, we demonstrate that Ang-2 inhibits vascular leak. Our data suggests a model in which Ang-2 expression is induced in stressed endothelial cells, where it acts as an autocrine Tie2 agonist and protective factor.

MeSH terms

  • Androstadienes / metabolism
  • Angiopoietin-2 / genetics
  • Angiopoietin-2 / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / physiology
  • Autocrine Communication*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Endothelial Cells / cytology
  • Endothelial Cells / physiology*
  • Forkhead Box Protein O1
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Oxidative Stress*
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • RNA Interference
  • Receptor, TIE-2 / genetics
  • Receptor, TIE-2 / metabolism
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / physiology
  • Transcriptional Activation
  • Wortmannin

Substances

  • Androstadienes
  • Angiopoietin-2
  • FOXO1 protein, human
  • Forkhead Box Protein O1
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Receptor, TIE-2
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Wortmannin