Duodenal ulcer is a chronic disease characterised by remission and relapses. The duration of this relapsing tendency is unpredictable for the individual patient, but in most cases it lasts for many years and perhaps the entire lifetime. Various therapeutic strategies have been suggested to maintain the disease in remission: continuous, intermittent and on-demand treatment with H2-antagonists, or surgery. Continuous maintenance treatment with the currently available H2-blockers has proved to be superior to all the other strategies in terms of efficacy, and should therefore be regarded as the long term treatment of choice for duodenal ulcer patients. The duration of maintenance treatment is still uncertain, but probably it should not be less than a few years. Intermittent treatment or surgery could be proposed to patients unsuitable for continuous maintenance, depending on whether they have mild or aggressive disease, respectively.