Abstract
Position-specific entropy profiles created from scanning 306 human and 95 avian influenza A viral genomes showed that 228 of 4591 amino acid residues yielded significant differences between these 2 viruses. We subsequently used 15,785 protein sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to assess the robustness of these signatures and obtained 52 "species-associated" positions. Specific mutations on those points may enable an avian influenza virus to become a human virus. Many of these signatures are found in NP, PA, and PB2 genes (viral ribonucleoproteins [RNPs]) and are mostly located in the functional domains related to RNP-RNP interactions that are important for viral replication. Upon inspecting 21 human-isolated avian influenza viral genomes from NCBI, we found 19 that exhibited > or =1 species-associated residue changes; 7 of them contained > or =2 substitutions. Histograms based on pairwise sequence comparison showed that NP disjointed most between human and avian influenza viruses, followed by PA and PB2.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Sequence*
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Animals
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Birds / virology
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Genome, Viral*
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Humans
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Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / classification
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Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / genetics
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Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype / classification
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Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype / genetics
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Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / classification
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Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / genetics
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Influenza A virus / classification*
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Influenza A virus / genetics*
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Influenza in Birds / virology*
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Influenza, Human / virology*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Mutation
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Species Specificity
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Viral Proteins / genetics
Associated data
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GENBANK/DQ415283
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