Cadmium induces mitogenic signaling in breast cancer cell by an ERalpha-dependent mechanism

Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007 Jan 29;264(1-2):102-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.10.013. Epub 2006 Nov 27.

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is linked to estrogen exposure. Estradiol (E2) stimulates BC cells proliferation by binding the estrogen receptor (ER). Hormone-related cancers have been linked to estrogenic environmental contaminants. Cadmium (Cd) a toxic pollutant, acts as estrogens in BC cells. Purpose of our study was to evaluate whether Cd regulates MCF-7 cell proliferation by activating ERK1/2, Akt and PDGFRalpha kinases. Cd increased cell proliferation and the ER-antagonist ICI 182,780 blunted it. To characterize an ER-dependent mechanism, ERalpha/beta expression was evaluated. Cd decreased ERalpha expression, but not ERbeta. Cd also increased ERK1/2, Akt and PDGFRalpha phosphorylation while ICI blocked it. Since stimulation of phosphorylation was slower than expected, c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogenes, and PDGFA were analyzed. Cd rapidly increased c-jun, c-fos and PDGFA expression. Cells were also co-incubated with the Cd and specific kinases inhibitors, which blocked the Cd-stimulated proliferation. In conclusion, our results indicate that Cd increases BC cell proliferation in vitro by stimulating Akt, ERK1/2 and PDGFRalpha kinases activity likely by activating c-fos, c-jun and PDGFA by an ERalpha-dependent mechanism.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Cadmium / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects*
  • Environmental Pollutants / pharmacology*
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / agonists*
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / metabolism
  • Estrogens / pharmacology*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / drug effects
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Protein Kinases / biosynthesis
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects*

Substances

  • Environmental Pollutants
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha
  • Estrogens
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun
  • Cadmium
  • Protein Kinases