Persistent antigen presentation after acute vesicular stomatitis virus infection

J Virol. 2007 Feb;81(4):2039-46. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02167-06. Epub 2006 Dec 6.

Abstract

Long-term antigen expression is believed to play an important role in modulation of T-cell responses to chronic virus infections. However, recent studies suggest that immune responses may occur late after apparently acute infections. We have now analyzed the CD8 T-cell response to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which is thought to cause to an infection characterized by rapid virus clearance by innate and adaptive immune system components. Unexpectedly, virus-encoded antigen was detectable more than 6 weeks after intranasal VSV infection in both draining and nondraining lymph nodes by adoptively transferred CD8 T cells. Infection with Listeria monocytogenes expressing the same antigen did not result in prolonged antigen presentation. Weeks after VSV infection, discrete T-cell clustering with dendritic cells within the lymph node was observed after transfer of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Moreover, memory CD8 T cells as defined by phenotype and function were generated from naïve CD8 T cells entering the response late after infection. These findings suggested that protracted antigen presentation after an apparently acute virus infection may contribute to an ongoing antiviral immune response.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation
  • Antigen-Presenting Cells / immunology
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology*
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Immunologic Memory
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Rhabdoviridae Infections / immunology*
  • Species Specificity
  • Time Factors
  • Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / immunology*

Substances

  • Antigens, Viral