Many women with stress urinary incontinence seek a nonsurgical, well-tolerated, effective and durable treatment that is associated with a rapid recovery and improvement in quality of life. However, the nonsurgical options available, such as pelvic floor exercises or behavioral therapy, are typically not effective; thus, many women with the condition remain untreated. A new nonsurgical treatment, transurethral radiofrequency collagen remodeling, offers many patient-desired treatment characteristics. This prospective, controlled animal study was performed to evaluate the safety, gross and histological impact, and physiological effect of transurethral radiofrequency collagen remodeling. The outcomes served as the basis for initial and subsequent clinical trials in women.