Peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes involve the compression of a short segment of a nerve at a specific site, as a result of the vulnerability of that nerve as it passes through a fibroosseous tunnel or an opening in fibrous or muscular tissue. Injury of the nerve may occur as a result of compression by the overlying structures. Another mechanism of injury is traction of the nerve, with or without friction of the nerve, as it travels and sharply changes direction around critical points. Imaging can be particularly helpful for the diagnosis of these uncommon injuries. Percutaneous decompression of a ganglion cyst or perineural injection for therapeutic purposes with the aid of fluoroscopy, CT, or ultrasound guidance can be performed in specific areas.