Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a central cytokine involved in the regulation of the innate immune response. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 4 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 are second messengers mediating the Th1 and Th2-specific immune responses, respectively. We studied the outcome of spinal cord injury with respect to the locomotion and axonal regeneration in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, signal transducers and activators of transcription 4 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 knockout mice. Locomotor behavior after injury differed between mouse strains, but not between wild-type and the knockout genotypes of the same strain. Regeneration of descending tracts, assessed by fluorogold/fluororuby retrograde double-labeling, however, appeared hampered by Th2 deficiency.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Female
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Mice, Knockout
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Motor Activity
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Nerve Regeneration / immunology
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Recovery of Function / immunology*
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STAT4 Transcription Factor / genetics*
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STAT4 Transcription Factor / immunology
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STAT4 Transcription Factor / metabolism
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STAT6 Transcription Factor / genetics*
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STAT6 Transcription Factor / immunology
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STAT6 Transcription Factor / metabolism
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Second Messenger Systems / physiology
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Spinal Cord Injuries / immunology*
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Spinal Cord Injuries / pathology
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Spinal Cord Injuries / physiopathology*
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Th1 Cells / physiology
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Th2 Cells / physiology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics*
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
Substances
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STAT4 Transcription Factor
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STAT6 Transcription Factor
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Stat4 protein, mouse
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Stat6 protein, mouse
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha