Residual cone vision without alpha-transducin

J Vis. 2007 Mar 23;7(4):8. doi: 10.1167/7.4.8.

Abstract

Behavioral experiments in humans with a rare genetic mutation that compromises the function of alpha-transducin (Galpha the alpha-subunit of the G-protein in the primary cone phototransduction cascade) reveal a residual cone response only viable at high light levels and at low temporal frequencies. It has three characteristic properties. First, it limits temporal frequency sensitivity to the equivalent of a simple first order reaction with a time constant of approximately 140 ms. Second, it delays the visual response by an amount that is also consistent with such a reaction. Third, it causes temporal acuity to be linearly related to the logarithm of the amount of bleached pigment. We suggest that these properties are consistent with the residual function depending on a sluggishly generated cone photobleaching product, which we tentatively identify as a cone metarhodopsin. By activating the transduction cascade, this bleaching product mimics the effects of real light and is therefore one of the molecular origins of "background equivalence," the long-established observation that the aftereffects of photopigment bleaches and the effects of real background lights are equivalent. Alternative explanations for the residual cone response include the possibilities that there is a secondary phototransduction mechanism that bypasses alpha-transduction, or that the truncated alpha-transduction that results from the mutation retains some minimal functionality.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Dark Adaptation
  • Flicker Fusion
  • Humans
  • Light
  • Male
  • Models, Biological
  • Mutation
  • Photobleaching
  • Reaction Time
  • Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / physiopathology*
  • Retinal Pigments / radiation effects
  • Transducin / deficiency*
  • Transducin / genetics
  • Vision, Ocular*
  • Visual Acuity

Substances

  • Retinal Pigments
  • Transducin