We have examined variability in TaqI and EcoRI restriction fragment sizes of DNA from the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) using six HVR (hypervariable region) probes which reveal complex, individual-specific restriction patterns in humans and other species. Frequency of band-sharing among unrelated koalas was extremely high. This result is likely to be a consequence of the history of near-extinction and artificial recolonization of the populations we have studied, rather than a general marsupial or koala-wide phenomenon.