One of the consequences of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) is progressive collapse of the fractured osteoporotic vertebral body. This can lead to spinal kyphosis that may cause restriction of respiratory function. The balloon kyphoplasty procedure can reduce kyphosis and relieve the pain. There are few studies that have appropriate data and follow-up to evaluate the effect of deformity correction on pulmonary function after the kyphoplasty procedure. The current study explores changes of pulmonary function of 30 older women who suffered from OVCFs in the thoracolumbar segment after kyphoplasty. After kyphoplasty was performed on these women, thoracic kyphotic angle, local kyphotic angle, pain scores, and pulmonary function parameters-vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, residual volume, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity, forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured. All measurements were taken before, 3 days after, and 1 month after the kyphoplasty. The height of the vertebral body was restored, the local kyphotic angle was improved, and pain scores were significantly decreased after kyphoplasty. FVC and MVV were significantly increased 3 days after the procedures; whereas only MVV had gone on to improve 1 month later. The decreased values of pain scores had a remarkably positive correlation with the percentage of improvement of FVC (r=0.536) and MVV (r=0.614) measured 3 days after kyphoplasty. In patients with OVCFs, kyphoplasty could partially improve their impaired lung function.