Introduction: Early childhood caries (EEC) are multiple carious lesions affecting the primary teeth of infants and preschool children. They are related to a prolonged and night bottle-feeding rich in fermentable carbohydrates. The carious lesions characterised by their patterns and the rapidity of their process can lead to a widespread tooth destruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of the carious lesions and their relationship to the diet.
Material and method: This prospective study was carried out in Dakar in public heath structures that have a dental office. It has included 68 children of both sex aged from two to 6 years consisted of 35 boys (51% of the sample) and 33 girls (49%) with the predominance of the 5-year-old children. These children were examined using a plan mouth mirror and probes and their mothers were interviewed.
Results: The observed carious lesions were distributed on all tooth surfaces but the complete coronal destruction was the most common lesions observed and represented 25 of the lesions, followed by lesions in three faces of the tooth (17%). The most frequently affected tooth was the association maxillar incisors and molars and the mandibular molars (32.4%). The incisor alone represented 22.1% of the affected teeth. The children were breast-fed associated with either pap or with hard food (52.9%). The bottle was added to this association in 32.4% of the cases and 10% of the children were exclusively breast-fed. The carious lesions were more severe and more frequent in children fed with breast associated with pap and hard food and in those fed with breast associated with the bottle pap and food than to children exclusively breast-fed. These differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.73 > 0.05).
Conclusions: Early childhood caries are related to a diet rich in carbon hydrate. They lead to severe tooth destruction. The treatments cost are very high thus prevention by information on the bad effects of sugar on diet and the baby bottle are of great interest.