Visceral arteries aneurysms appear to be of particular clinical importance in surgical practice. Approximately 22% of the reported cases of visceral arterial aneurysms are complicated by a rupture with a high risk of an eventually lethal outcome. Endovascular embolization of the aneurysmal cavity and closure of the arterial wall defect by means of stent-grafts are increasingly gaining ground in surgical practice, which may reasonably be attributed to the minimally invasive nature of the procedure as compared with the conventional and routinely performed surgical intervention. The review deals with the analysis of the Russian and foreign literature pertaining to the problem concerned, covering the aetiology, incidence, localization of aneurysms, and clinical manifestations thereof, also pointing out diagnostic possibilities of instrumental methods of study. To this was added the description of therapeutic modalities using both an open operation, and with the help of endovascular interventions. Also, a comparative assessment of efficacy and safety of various therapeutic techniques is presented herein.