The evaluation of the professional practices (EPP) is central to the new orientations of French health policies. This evaluation is an essential component of the evaluation process. It aims at increasing the effectiveness and the quality of the health system. Its objective is to help doctors to reflect on their practice, notably in order to engage a continuous improvement process. Contrary to the previous measures taken on this subject, the EPP is common to the whole medical profession (legal obligation). Its method is laid down by decree but the text leaves a free choice as for the method employed. The goal is to accompany doctors in the improvement of their practice by the means of a specific (five years) and continuous evaluation process.