Spatial regulation of Raf kinase signaling by RKTG

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 4;104(36):14348-53. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701298104. Epub 2007 Aug 27.

Abstract

Subcellular compartmentalization has become an important theme in cell signaling such as spatial regulation of Ras by RasGRP1 and MEK/ERK by Sef. Here, we report spatial regulation of Raf kinase by RKTG (Raf kinase trapping to Golgi). RKTG is a seven-transmembrane protein localized at the Golgi apparatus. RKTG expression inhibits EGF-stimulated ERK and RSK phosphorylation, blocks NGF-mediated PC12 cell differentiation, and antagonizes Ras- and Raf-1-stimulated Elk-1 transactivation. Through interaction with Raf-1, RKTG changes the localization of Raf-1 from cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus, blocks EGF-stimulated Raf-1 membrane translocation, and reduces the interaction of Raf-1 with Ras and MEK1. In RKTG-null mice, the basal ERK phosphorylation level is increased in the brain and liver. In RKTG-deleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts, EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation is enhanced. Collectively, our results reveal a paradigm of spatial regulation of Raf kinase by RKTG via sequestrating Raf-1 to the Golgi apparatus and thereby inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Female
  • Gene Deletion
  • Golgi Apparatus / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / chemistry
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / deficiency
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism*
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System*
  • Male
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Binding
  • Rats
  • raf Kinases / genetics
  • raf Kinases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • RKTG protein, mouse
  • raf Kinases