Background & aims: Insulin resistance is common in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and it can contribute to exceedingly high mortality in MHD patients. Ghrelin is a gastric hormone whose total plasma concentration is increased in MHD. Emerging data suggest a potential role of ghrelin to modulate intermediate metabolism but the metabolic impact of ghrelin in chronic kidney disease is unknown. The current study aimed at assessing the potential relationships between ghrelin and insulin sensitivity in MHD.
Methods: Total (T-Ghr) and acylated (A-Ghr) ghrelin as well as insulin-mediated glucose disposal [(M): hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp] were measured in non-diabetic non-obese ambulatory MHD patients (n=19, 16 Males). C-reactive protein (CRP) was also measured since systemic inflammation is associated with insulin resistance in non-renal patients and inflammation is negatively modulated by ghrelin in experimental models.
Results: Compared to control subjects (C: n=9, 7 Males), MHD had similar body fat and resting energy expenditure but reduced M and increased CRP (P<0.05). MHD also had higher T-(P<0.05) but not A-Ghr. M was associated positively with T-Ghr and negatively with CRP in linear regression analysis in MHD. In stepwise multiple regression analysis only T-Ghr remained associated with M (P<0.05) in a model including A-Ghr and CRP.
Conclusions: Insulin sensitivity is associated negatively with systemic inflammation and positively with total plasma ghrelin in non-diabetic MHD patients. Based on available knowledge these results suggest a potential novel role of ghrelin in preserving insulin sensitivity in MHD.