Solidarity or financial sustainability: an analysis of the values of community-based health insurance subscribers and promoters in Senegal

Can J Public Health. 2007 Jul-Aug;98(4):341-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03405415.

Abstract

Objectives: Although community-based health insurance (CBHI) seemed promising to improve access to health care, its implementation has been slow and laborious. We hypothesize that the existing tension between the competing objectives of solidarity and financial sustainability that are pursued by CBHI may partly account for this. This paper aims to evaluate if there is a gap between CBHI subscribers' values and their promoters', and to determine which characteristics of subscribers and CBHIs are associated with their values.

Methods: A study of all Senegal CBHI organizations was undertaken in 2002. The analysis includes: 1) content of interviews with subscribers and promoters; and 2) multilevel logistical analysis of the links between characteristics of subscribers (n = 394) and organizations (n = 46) and composite indicators representing values (redistribution, solidarity when difficulties, solidarity between healthy and unhealthy).

Results: Promoters emphasize financial sustainability; subscribers are split between financial sustainability and solidarity. Men, polygamous families and individuals with a lower socio-professional status are twice as likely to be in favour of redistribution; subscribers who participate in decision-making and those who think their CBHI is facing difficulties are less in favour of solidarity. At CBHI level, although the variance was significant, none of the variables were retained.

Conclusion: More attention should be given to reducing the gap between promoters' and subscribers' values, and to increasing member participation in the processes involved in implementing CBHI. This could help all actors involved to understand and improve determinants of enrolment in, and performance of CBHI, thus increasing access to health care for vulnerable populations in developing countries.

Méthodologie: Une étude sur les mutuelles sénégalaises a été menée en 2002. L’analyse comprend: 1) le contenu d’entrevues auprès d’adhérents et de promoteurs; et 2) une analyse de régression logistique multiniveaux établissant les liens entre les caractéristiques des adhérents (n = 394) et des mutuelles (n = 46) et des indicateurs composites représentant leurs valeurs (redistribution, solidarité en cas de difficultés, solidarité entre malades et personnes en santé).

Résultats: Les promoteurs ont un discours mettant l’accent sur la viabilité financière; les adhérents sont partagés entre solidarité et viabilité financière. Les hommes, les polygames et les plus démunis sont deux fois plus susceptibles de favoriser la redistribution; le fait de participer aux décisions et de croire que la mutuelle est confrontée à des difficultés nuit à la solidarité. Au niveau de la mutuelle, la variance est significative mais aucune variable n’est retenue.

Conclusion: On devrait s’employer davantage à réduire l’écart de valeurs entre les adhérents et les promoteurs des mutuelles, et accroître la participation des membres à toutes les étapes de mise en œuvre des mutuelles. Ceci pourrait aider les personnes intéressées à comprendre et à améliorer les déterminants de l’adhésion aux mutuelles et de leur efficacité, et ainsi accroître l’accès aux soins de santé des populations vulnérables des pays en développement.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Community Participation*
  • Delivery of Health Care
  • Diffusion of Innovation
  • Female
  • Health Services Accessibility
  • Humans
  • Insurance, Health / economics*
  • Interviews as Topic
  • Male
  • Senegal