Abstract
CD8+ T suppressor cells differentiate both in vivo and in vitro upon chronic exposure of responding T cells to allogeneic APC. These Ts are allospecific and exhibit their function interacting directly with priming APC which they render tolerogenic. Tolerogenicity of professional and non-professional human APC, such as dendritic cells and endothelial cells, respectively is due to the upregulation of the inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4. ILT3 signals both intracellularly, inhibiting NF-kappaB activation, and transcription of costimulatory molecules, and extracellularly, inducing anergy and regulatory function in T cells with cognate specificity. Both membrane and soluble ILT3 are proteins with potent immunosuppressive activity which are of importance for treatment of rejection, autoimmunity and cancer.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antigen-Presenting Cells / immunology
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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Cell Communication / genetics*
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Cell Communication / immunology*
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Dendritic Cells
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Endothelial Cells
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Forkhead Transcription Factors / genetics
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Forkhead Transcription Factors / immunology
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Gene Expression Regulation / immunology*
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Humans
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Immune System Diseases / genetics
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Immune System Diseases / immunology
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Immune Tolerance / genetics*
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Immune Tolerance / immunology*
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Lymphocyte Activation / genetics
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Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
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Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
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Membrane Glycoproteins / immunology
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NF-kappa B / genetics
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NF-kappa B / immunology
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Receptors, Cell Surface / genetics
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Receptors, Cell Surface / immunology*
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Receptors, Immunologic / genetics
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Receptors, Immunologic / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
Substances
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Forkhead Transcription Factors
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LILRB2 protein, human
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LILRB4 protein, human
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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NF-kappa B
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Receptors, Cell Surface
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Receptors, Immunologic