Abstract
News that a woman with diabetes is about to deliver brings up images of a macrosomic infant. This infant may experience birth injuries, asphyxia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, polycvthemia/hyperviscosity syndrome, asymmetric sepral hypertrophy, and other congenital malformations. Uncontrolled diabetes has profound effects on embryogenesis, organogenesis, and fetal and neonatal growth, and evidence increasingly indicates that some of these effects are lifelong and may contribute to adult obesity. Preconception control of diabetes and monitoring throughout pregnancy are important in reducing the impact of diabetes on the fetus and newborn.
MeSH terms
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Congenital Abnormalities / diagnosis
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Congenital Abnormalities / etiology*
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Congenital Abnormalities / therapy
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / metabolism
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / complications
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism
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Diabetes, Gestational / metabolism
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Female
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Fetal Development
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Fetal Diseases / diagnosis
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Fetal Diseases / etiology*
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Fetal Diseases / therapy
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Humans
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Hyperglycemia / complications
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Hyperglycemia / metabolism*
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Infant, Newborn
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Infant, Newborn, Diseases / diagnosis
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Infant, Newborn, Diseases / etiology*
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Infant, Newborn, Diseases / therapy
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Neonatal Nursing
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Neonatal Screening
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Nurse's Role
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Nursing Assessment
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Obesity / etiology
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Placenta
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy in Diabetics / metabolism*
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Risk Factors