Abstract
Tumor hypoxia refers to the development of regions within solid tumors in which the oxygen concentration is lower (0-3%) compared to that in most normal tissues (4-9%) (Vaupel and Hockel, 2000). Considerable experimental and clinical evidence exists supporting the notion that hypoxia fundamentally alters the physiology of the tumor towards a more aggressive phenotype (Hockel and Vaupel, 2001). Therefore, delineating the mechanisms by which hypoxia affects tumor physiology at the cellular and molecular levels will be crucial for a better understanding of tumor development and metastasis and for designing better antitumor modalities.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Activating Transcription Factor 4 / metabolism
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Anaerobiosis
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Animals
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Cell Hypoxia
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Cell Line, Tumor
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DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Endoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism*
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Endoribonucleases / metabolism
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Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / metabolism
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Humans
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Luminescent Measurements / methods*
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Membrane Proteins / metabolism
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Mice
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Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Oxygen / metabolism*
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Protein Folding*
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
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Proteins / analysis*
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Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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eIF-2 Kinase / metabolism
Substances
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2
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Membrane Proteins
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Proteins
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Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors
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Transcription Factors
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Activating Transcription Factor 4
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ERN2 protein, human
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PERK kinase
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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eIF-2 Kinase
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Endoribonucleases
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Oxygen