Early diagnosis and therapy of persisting (or chronic) polyarthritis is essential for preventing permanent damage. The guidelines of the German Society for Rheumatology recommend referral to a rheumatologist 6 weeks (at the latest) after symptom onset. DMARD therapy should be initiated within 12 weeks. Even earlier, high titer rheumatoid factor, detectable antibodies to CCP, or early erosion, constitute firm arguments for initiating DMARD therapy in patients with arthritis. At this time point, fast acting combination therapy frequently achieves remission or at least low disease activity. Since TNF blockers are not commonly available for first line therapy, corticosteroids should accompany DMARD initiation. Sufficient capacity in early consultation at arthritis clinics, optimized communication with primary care physicians and sensibilisation of the entire population are essential to prevent permanent damage in as many patients as possible.