By colchicine treatment of hybrids between Triticum turgidum and Aegilops tauschii (as seedlings), a fertile wheat plant (SHW-L2) carrying 56 chromosomes was artificially synthesized. At metaphase I of 50 pollen mother cells, the 56 chromosomes of the new wheat SHW-L2 showed a mean pairing configuration of 2.82 univalents, 6.18 rod bivalents, 19.39 ring bivalents, 0.5 trivalents, and 0.14 quadrivalents. Cytological analyses suggested that SHW-L2 had additional 7 pairs of chromosomes from the A and D genome besides the 42 chromosomes of common wheat. The special chromosome constitution of SHW-L2 may be derived from the chromosome doubling by the colchicine treatment of seedlings and then spontaneous doubling of gametes.