Objective: To report a possible association between azoospermia and acute renal failure.
Design: A case report.
Setting: An in vitro fertilization unit in an academic medical center.
Patient(s): A patient with high-gonadotropin azoospermia and a history of acute obstructive renal failure because of bilateral renal calculi, who was referred for testicular sperm extraction.
Intervention(s): Deferral of the surgical procedure.
Main outcome measure(s): Return of sperm into the patient's ejaculate.
Result(s): Four months after normalization of his renal function tests, the sperm analysis showed reversal of the azoospermic state.
Conclusion(s): Azoospermic patients with recent history of acute renal failure would be followed up for several months after renal function normalization, awaiting reappearance of sperm in the ejaculate.