Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide production and iNOS protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat aorta and Raw 264.7 macrophages by ethanol extract of a Chinese herbal medicine formula (RCM-101) for allergic rhinitis

J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Mar 28;116(3):547-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.005. Epub 2008 Jan 16.

Abstract

Aim of the study: A Chinese herbal formula (RCM-101) has shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) in a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of RCM-101 on the actions and synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). l-Arginine-induced endothelium-independent relaxations were studied in rat isolated aorta which was pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Materials and methods: NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression were studied in LPS and interferon gamma-stimulated murine macrophages (Raw 264.7), measured by NO sensors and Western blotting.

Results: In rat aortic preparations, RCM-101 significantly inhibited endothelium-independent relaxations to l-arginine, but not affected those to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). In Raw 264.7 cells, RCM-101 and some of its individual ingredients (e.g., Radix glycyrrhizae, Radix bupleuri, Radix saposhnikoviae and Atractylodis rhizome macrocephalae) significantly inhibited the NO production and iNOS protein expression.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that RCM-101 may inhibit inducible NO production by suppressing iNOS. In addition, its inhibitory action of iNOS is likely to be mediated by several key herbal ingredients.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Aorta / drug effects*
  • Aorta / enzymology
  • Aorta / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal / pharmacology*
  • Ethanol / chemistry
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects*
  • Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology*
  • Macrophages / drug effects*
  • Male
  • Muscle Relaxation / drug effects
  • Nitric Oxide / biosynthesis
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism*
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / biosynthesis*
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / genetics
  • Nitroprusside / pharmacology
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / drug therapy
  • Vasodilator Agents / pharmacology

Substances

  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Nitroprusside
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Ethanol
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II