Dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) binds antipsychotic drugs and is abundant in the limbic system of the brain. It has been shown to play important roles in schizophrenia. A number of studies investigated the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the DRD3 gene to test its possible association with schizophrenia; however, the results were inconsistent. Our study aims to further evaluate the possible association between the Ser9Gly polymorphism and schizophrenia using a case-control association study within the Han Chinese population as well as a meta-analysis covering all previous studies. Our study, based on 329 schizophrenic patients and 288 controls, found no significant difference in the genotype or allele distributions of Ser9Gly polymorphism, the meta-analysis showed that the Ser9Gly polymorphism was not associated with Schizophrenia. Our study does not support the contention that the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the DRD3 gene plays a major role in schizophrenia in the Chinese population.