In an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of electrosurgical treatment of endometriosis by laparoscopy, we compared the reproductive performance of women with minimal and mild endometriosis who were treated electrosurgically and who were treated expectantly. The probability of conception in the treated group was higher than in the nontreated group. It suggests that laparoscopic electrocoagulation of minimal and mild endometriosis improves PR. Because of the relatively small number of patients and the nonrandomized nature of this study, the conditions required for an ethical randomized trials in a larger group of patients are warranted.