In the application of engineered Escherichia coli in industrial polyhydroxybutyrate production process, one of the major concerns is the induction of the metabolic pathway. In this study, we developed a stress-induced system by which the PHB biosynthesis pathways can be induced under stress conditions. Fermentation results showed that recombinant E. coli DH5alpha (pQKZ103) harboring this system was able to accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate up to 85.8% of cell dry weight in minimal glucose medium without adding any inducer. Growth experiment with GFP as a reporter indicated that the induction of this system happened at the late exponential phase and was sensitive to stressed environment. This system can also be applied in many other biotechnological processes.