Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells veto CD8 T cell activation by antigen-presenting dendritic cells

Eur J Immunol. 2008 Apr;38(4):957-67. doi: 10.1002/eji.200738060.

Abstract

The liver is known to induce tolerance rather than immunity through tolerogenic antigen presentation or elimination of effector T cells. In particular, hepatic dendritic cells (DC) are known to be little immunogenic for CD8 T cells. Here, we investigated whether this peculiar phenotype resulted from interaction with resident hepatic cell populations. Contact of DC with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) but not hepatocytes or B cells vetoed antigen-presenting DC to fully activate naive CD8 T cells. This MHC-independent regulatory effect of LSEC on DC function was not connected to soluble mediators but required physical contact. Because interaction with third-party LSEC still allowed antigen-presenting DC to stimulate expression of initial activation markers on naive CD8 T cells and to stimulate activated CD8 T cells, we hypothesize that LSEC controlled the DC costimulatory function. Indeed, contact with LSEC led to reduced DC expression levels of CD80/86 or IL-12, but supplementation of these signals failed to rescue the ability to prime naive CD8 T cells, indicating involvement of further molecules. Taken together, our results reveal a novel principle operative in hepatic tolerance induction, in which LSEC not only tolerize T cells themselves but also suppress neighboring APC normally capable of inducing T cell immunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation / immunology*
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Cell Communication / immunology
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Coculture Techniques
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Endothelial Cells / immunology*
  • Immunity, Innate / immunology
  • Liver / blood supply*
  • Liver / immunology*
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Sensitivity and Specificity