Elevated levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are often found in colorectal cancers. Thus, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, are among the most promising chemopreventive agents for colorectal cancer. However, their long-term use is restricted by the occurrence of adverse events believed to be associated with a global reduction in prostaglandin production. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of targeting the terminal synthase microsomal PGE(2) synthase 1 (mPGES-1), which is responsible for generating PGE(2), in two murine models of intestinal cancer. We report for the first time that genetic deletion of mPGES-1 in Apc-mutant mice results in marked and persistent suppression of intestinal cancer growth by 66%, whereas suppression of large adenomas (>3 mm) was almost 95%. This effect occurred despite loss of Apc heterozygosity and beta-catenin activation. However, we found that mPGES-1 deficiency was associated with a disorganized vascular pattern within primary adenomas as determined by CD31 immunostaining. We also examined the effect of mPGES-1 deletion on carcinogen-induced colon cancer. The absence of mPGES-1 reduced the size and number of preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Importantly, mPGES-1 deletion also blocked the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin in ACF, confirming that beta-catenin is a critical target of PGE(2) procarcinogenic signaling in the colon. Our data show the feasibility of targeting mPGES-1 for cancer chemoprevention with the potential for improved tolerability over traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors.