Cervarix is a recombinant cervical cancer vaccine recently developed by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (Rixensart, Belgium). This vaccine is a prophylactic AS04 adjuvanted bivalent L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, which together account for approximately 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. An interim analysis of a large, multicenter, Phase III trial being conducted by the Papilloma Trial against Cancer In young Adults (PATRICIA) study group to assess the efficacy of this vaccine was recently published in The Lancet. The purpose of this review is to summarize PATRICIA, with a specific focus on the results of the interim analysis, and discuss the impact and implications of the findings.