Multifrequency calorimetry of the folding/unfolding transition of cytochrome c

Biophys J. 1991 Jan;59(1):48-54. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82197-X.

Abstract

The folding-unfolding transition of Fe(III) cytochrome c has been studied with the new technique of multifrequency calorimetry. Multifrequency calorimetry is aimed at measuring directly the dynamics of the energetic events that take place during a thermally induced transition by measuring the frequency dispersion of the heat capacity. This is done by modulating the folding/unfolding equilibrium using a variable frequency, small oscillatory temperature perturbation (approximately 0.05-0.1 degrees C) centered at the equilibrium temperature of the system. Fe(III) cytochrome c at pH 4 undergoes a fully reversible folding/unfolding transition centered at 67.7 degrees C and characterized by an enthalpy change of 81 kcal/mol and heat capacity difference between unfolded and folded states of 0.9 kcal/K*mol. By measuring the temperature dependence of the frequency dispersion of the heat capacity in the frequency range of 0.1-1 Hz it has been possible to examine the time regime of the enthalpic events associated with the transition. The multifrequency calorimetry results indicate that approximately 85% of the excess heat capacity associated with the folding/unfolding transition relaxes with a single relaxation time of 326 +/- 68 ms at the midpoint of the transition region. This is the first time that the time regime in which heat is absorbed and released during protein folding/unfolding has been measured.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calorimetry / instrumentation
  • Calorimetry / methods
  • Cytochrome c Group / chemistry*
  • Horses
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Myocardium
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Denaturation

Substances

  • Cytochrome c Group