Abstract
By using pangenomic microarray, we identified apelin as a unique adipokine up regulated by the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) co-activator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in human white adipocytes. We investigated its regulation in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of PGC-1alpha by adenovirus in human adipocytes induces apelin expression and secretion. Pharmacological induction of cAMP, an upstream regulator of endogenous PGC-1alpha expression, up regulates apelin gene expression and also apelin secretion in human and mice adipocytes. Moreover, during cold exposure in mice, a physiological situation known to induce both cAMP and PGC-1alpha, apelin expression in adipocytes and plasma levels were increased. This is the first demonstration that PGC-1alpha is involved in the regulation of an adipokine gene expression and release.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adipocytes / metabolism
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Adipocytes / physiology*
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Adipokines
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Adipose Tissue, White / cytology
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Animals
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Apelin
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Carrier Proteins / genetics
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Carrier Proteins / physiology*
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Cell Line
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Cells, Cultured
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Heat-Shock Proteins / genetics
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Heat-Shock Proteins / metabolism
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Heat-Shock Proteins / physiology*
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Humans
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / physiology*
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
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Trans-Activators / genetics
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Trans-Activators / metabolism
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Trans-Activators / physiology*
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / physiology*
Substances
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APLN protein, human
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Adipokines
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Apelin
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Apln protein, mouse
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Carrier Proteins
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Heat-Shock Proteins
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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PPARGC1A protein, human
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
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Ppargc1a protein, mouse
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Trans-Activators
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Transcription Factors