Objective: Review recent knowledge concerning significance of detection of DNA HPV in regional lymph nodes in cervical cancer patients.
Type of the study: Literature review.
Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Prague.
Results: Metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes is the most important prognostic parameter in early stages cervical cancer. Still, almost 20% of patients with negative pelvic nodes experience recurrence. Detection of HPV DNA in lymph nodes might be a marker of occult metastatic involvement. However, published data are limited, mostly due to inconsistent methodology. Only 3 prospective studies evaluating HPV from fresh or frozen tissue were published till now, all other retrospective studies extracted HPV DNA from paraffin embedded samples. A few papers showed correlation between HPV DNA and metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes. DNA HPV identification in histopatology-negative nodes was considered as a risk factor for recurrence. Presence of DNA HPV 18 in histopathology-negative pelvic nodes was described as a poor prognostic factor; however prognostic significance of individual genotype is still unclear.
Conclusion: Detection of high risk HPV DNA in regional lymph nodes is a good candidate for prognostic parameter in early stages cervical cancers. The group of women with both absence of metastatic involvement and negative HPV DNA evaluation of regional lymph node should represent a cohort of patients with particularly good prognosis.