Although kidney stone formation due to hypercalcemic states is rare, it is important for urologists to understand the pathophysiology of these conditions, methods of diagnosis, and treatments. This should foster a quicker diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy. The latter typically leads to the attenuation of kidney stone activity. Moreover, these patients have a systemic disease, and therapy has other health benefits.
Keywords: Calcitriol; Calcium homeostasis; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Nephrolithiasis; Parathyroid hormone; Sarcoidosis; Vitamin D.