Primary immunodeficiency diseases in Egyptian children: a single-center study

J Clin Immunol. 2009 May;29(3):343-51. doi: 10.1007/s10875-008-9260-x. Epub 2008 Nov 11.

Abstract

Introduction: Sixty-four primary immunodeficiency patients were registered at the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Data: Predominantly antibody deficiencies were the most common category (35.9%) followed by combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiencies (29.7%), other well defined immunodeficiency syndromes (18.7%), congenital defects of phagocyte number, function or both (12.5%), and diseases of immune dysregulation (3.1%). The most frequent disorder was common variable immunodeficiency (18.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 29.9 months. The consanguinity rate was 62.5%. Recurrent severe infections were seen in all categories. Fifteen patients died (23.4%) from infections with the highest mortality for combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiencies (15.6%).

Conclusions: Primary immunodeficiency disorders are not rare in Egyptian children. The observed frequency of combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiencies in our cohort is relatively higher than other countries. It is a prerequisite to establish a national registry of primary immunodeficiency in Egypt.

MeSH terms

  • Candida / immunology*
  • Candida / pathogenicity
  • Candidiasis / complications
  • Candidiasis / immunology*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • Consanguinity
  • Diarrhea
  • Egypt
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / complications
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / epidemiology*
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / immunology*
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / physiopathology
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Opportunistic Infections / complications
  • Opportunistic Infections / immunology*
  • Otitis Media
  • Pneumonia
  • Prevalence
  • Registries
  • Survival Analysis
  • Virulence