Use of rapamycin in the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells

Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009:(188):215-32. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-71029-5_10.

Abstract

Rapamycin (RAPA), a macrocyclic triene antibiotic pro-drug, is a clinically-utilized 'tolerance-sparing' immunosuppressant that inhibits the activity of T, B, and NK cells. Furthermore, maturation-resistance and tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells (DC) can be supported and preserved by conditioning with RAPA. Propagation of murine bone marrow (BM)-derived myeloid DC (mDC) in clinically relevant concentrations of RAPA (RAPA-DC) generates phenotypically immature DC with low levels of MHC and significantly reduced co-stimulatory molecules (especially CD86), even when exposed to inflammatory stimuli. RAPA-DC are weak stimulators of T cells and induce hyporesponsiveness and apoptosis in allo-reactive T cells. An interesting observation has been that RAPA-DC retain the ability to stimulate and enrich the regulatory T cells (Treg). Presumably as a result of these properties, alloantigen (alloAg)-pulsed recipient-derived DC are effective in subverting anti-allograft immune responses in rodent transplant models, making them an attractive subject for further investigation of their tolerance-promoting potential.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation / drug effects
  • B-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Chemotaxis / drug effects
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Dendritic Cells / drug effects*
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology
  • Dendritic Cells / transplantation
  • Graft Rejection / immunology
  • Graft Rejection / prevention & control*
  • Humans
  • Immune Tolerance / drug effects*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / pharmacology*
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive
  • Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Sirolimus / pharmacology*
  • T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Sirolimus