Background: Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, has been used as an immunosuppressant in the treatment of various autoimmune disorders and malignancies. It is highly capable of reducing T and B lymphocytes.
Case presentation: Regular blood tests are important to detect bone marrow suppression. The risk of opportunistic infection such as pneumonia secondary to pneumocystic carinii increases drastically with lymphopaenia. Hence, prophylactic co-trimoxazole is frequently prescribed as long as patients are on cyclophosphamide.
Conclusion: The benefits and toxicity risks of intravenous versus oral administration of cyclophosphamide are described in this article.