Complications of open primary and post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer

Objective: Treatment decisions regarding the use of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for low-stage and advanced testicular cancer may be influenced by the morbidity of the procedure. We sought to compare the complication profile of primary (P-) and post-chemotherapy (PC-) RPLND using a standardized complication grading scale.

Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 112 and 96 patients who underwent P-RPLND and PC-RPLND, respectively, between 1982 and 2007 for perioperative outcomes and late complications. Postoperative complications were graded using a 5-tiered scale based on the severity and/or level of intervention required for resolution.

Results: P-RPLND patients had rates of 5%, 24%, and 7% for intraoperative, postoperative, and late complications, respectively. For PC-RPLND, these rates were 12%, 32%, and 7%, respectively (P = 0.11, 0.19, and 1, respectively). Major postoperative complications (grades III-V) were observed in 3 (3%) P-RPLND and 8 (8%) PC-RPLND patients (P = 0.15), including 1 fatal pulmonary embolus in a PC-RPLND patient. Ileus accounted for 63% and 45% of postoperative complications of P-RPLND and PC-RPLND, respectively. PC-RPLND was associated with significantly greater operative times, blood loss, and transfusion rates (P < 0.001). Compared with PC-RPLND after first-line chemotherapy for advanced NSGCT, there were no significant differences in perioperative outcomes for PC-RPLND performed in other settings.

Conclusions: P-RPLND and PC-RPLND are associated with low rates of serious short- and long-term complications and negligible mortality, without significant differences between the 2 procedures. The safe morbidity profile of RPLND performed by fellowship-trained urologic oncologists should be considered during treatment decision-making for low-stage and advanced testicular cancer.