This study was aimed to investigate the deletion features of chromosome 13 in plasma cell leukemia (PCL) and its relationship with clinical features. The dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with two different specific probes for the regions containing 13q14 and 13q31 was used to delet the chromosome in 21 patients with PCL. The results showed that 13 (61.9%) out of 21 PCL had 13q14 deletion. The number of 13q14 deletion cells ranged from 52% to 98%. 12 patients (57.4%) had 13q31 deletion. The number of cells with 13q31 deletion ranged from 50% to 98%. Out of 13 cases with (13q14) deletion, 12 cases had (13q31) deletion, but only 1 out of 12 cases was negative. It is concluded that chromosome 13 deletion may be involved in initiation of a subset of PCL, and the region of loss at chromosome 13 locates between 13q14 and 13q31 in PCL. FISH is a more rapid, exact and sensitive technique in analysis of chromosome 13 deletion in PCL.