Abuse of vasoconstrictive eyedrops mimicking an ocular pemphigoid

Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009 Jan-Feb;19(1):129-32. doi: 10.1177/112067210901900119.

Abstract

Purpose: To describe conjunctival histopathologic alterations induced by excessive chronic astringent use.

Methods: Report of a case with clinical picture, epicutane test results, histologic workup of conjunctival biopsy using conventional staining, and immunohistochemical markers.

Results: A 45-year-old man using a phenylephrine preparation hourly for years presented with grotesque eye redness, fornix shortening, and scarring of puncta lacrimalia. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence were negative for ocular pemphigoid. Histology revealed signs of chronic inflammation and neovascularization in the conjunctiva. Symptoms resolved after cessation of therapy.

Conclusions: Chronic abuse of decongestant eyedrops can produce a clinical picture resembling an ocular pemphigoid. Histology suggests that late onset immunoreaction and chronic vasoconstriction cause chronic inflammation and neovascularization, respectively.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Conjunctivitis / chemically induced
  • Conjunctivitis / diagnosis*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Drug Combinations
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methylene Blue / administration & dosage
  • Methylene Blue / adverse effects*
  • Middle Aged
  • Nonprescription Drugs
  • Ophthalmic Solutions / administration & dosage
  • Ophthalmic Solutions / adverse effects*
  • Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / chemically induced
  • Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / diagnosis*
  • Phenylephrine / administration & dosage
  • Phenylephrine / adverse effects*
  • Substance-Related Disorders / diagnosis
  • Substance-Related Disorders / etiology
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / administration & dosage
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Drug Combinations
  • Nonprescription Drugs
  • Ophthalmic Solutions
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents
  • Phenylephrine
  • Methylene Blue